Overview
An anal fistula is an abnormal small tunnel that connects an infected gland inside the anal canal to the skin outside. It usually follows a perianal abscess that has drained.
Fistulas do not heal on their own. Accurate mapping of the tract and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent recurrence.
Symptoms
- Persistent or intermittent discharge of pus near the anus
- A painful lump or swelling that recurs
- Skin irritation and soiling of undergarments
- Fever and throbbing pain during an active abscess
- Bleeding or discomfort while passing stools
Causes
- Infection of an anal gland leading to an abscess
- Previously drained or neglected perianal abscess
- Inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease
- Tuberculosis or other chronic infections in rare cases
- Trauma or previous anorectal surgery
Treatment Process
- Clinical evaluation and, where needed, imaging to map the tract
- Drainage and antibiotic cover for active infection
- Definitive procedure selected according to tract type and sphincter involvement
- Careful sphincter-preserving technique to protect continence
- Structured wound care and review visits until complete healing
Recovery
Wound care instructions and sitz baths are explained in detail before discharge.
Healing time depends on the complexity of the tract, typically a few weeks.
Regular follow-up greatly reduces the chance of recurrence.
Frequently Asked Questions
Ready to get relief?
Book a private consultation with Dr. P. Mastan Khan. Same-day appointments are often available during clinic hours.